Analysis of verification results of protective effects of hearing protectors in different industries / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To get insight into the current practice of noise reduction effect of workers as they wore hearing protectors in different domestic enterprises and the possible affected factors. Methods: From October 2020 to April 2021, using a random sampling method, 1197 workers exposed to noise in petrochemical factories, textile factories, and parts manufacturing factories were selected as the study subjects. The noise reduction effect of hearing protectors worn by workers in daily use was tested using a hearing protector suitability testing system. The personal sound attenuation level (PAR) was compared among workers in three enterprises, Targeted intervention and repetitive testing were conducted for workers who did not meet the noise reduction effect required by the enterprise, and the changes in PAR of workers before and after the intervention were compared. The comparison of baseline PARs between two or more groups was performed using the Mann Whitney test, the comparison of baseline PARs with post intervention PARs was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test, and the comparison of qualitative data between two or more groups was performed using the Chi square test. Results: The median baseline PAR for all workers was 15 dB. Men, age<30 years old, education level at or above college level, working experience of 5 to 15 years, and those who used hearing protectors for 5 to 15 years had higher PARs, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The median difference in baseline PAR among workers from three enterprises was statistically significant (H=175.06, P<0.01). The median PAR of subjects who did not pass the baseline increased from 3 dB to 21 dB after intervention (Z=-27.92, P<0.01) . Conclusion: Some workers wearing hearing protectors do not meet the required PAR, and low PARs may be related to incorrect wearing methods and incorrect selection of hearing protectors. As a tool for testing, training, and assisting in selection, the hearing protector suitability testing system is of great significance for worker hearing protection.

Research on early warning model of the hearing loss of workers exposed to noise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the change of hearing threshold of workers exposed to noise, establish an individual-based hearing loss early warning model, accurately and differentiated the health of workers exposed to noise. Methods: In September 2019, all physical examination data of 561 workers exposed to noise from an enterprise were collected since their employment. Three indicators of average hearing threshold of the better ear, namely, at high frequency, 4000 Hz and speech frequency, were constructed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to adjust gender and age and establish the warning model of each indicator. Finally, sensitive indicators and warning models were screened according to AUC and Yoden index. Results: Among the 561 workers exposed to noise, 26 (4.6%) workers had hearing loss. The sensitivity indicators were the average hearing threshold at speech frequency ≥20 dB, high frequency ≥30 dB and 4000 Hz ≥25 dB. The AUC of each index was 0.602, 0.794 and 0.804, and the Youden indexes were 0.204, 0.588 and 0.608, respectively. In GEE of hearing loss warning models, high-frequency hearing threshold ≥20 dB and 4000 Hz hearing threshold ≥25 dB were the optimal models, with AUC of 0.862. Conclusion: Combined with the changes of individual hearing threshold over the years, can accurately assess the risk of individual hearing loss of workers exposed to noise.

Bibliometric and bioinformatics analysis of genetic literature on susceptibility to noise induced hearing loss / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To summarize and analyse of literature on the susceptibility genes of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) , and the key genes were screened and obtained by bioinformatics method, so as to provide reference for the prevention research of NIHL. Methods: In September 2021, Based on CNKI, NCBI Pubmed database and Web of Science database, this paper conducted bibliometric analysis and bioinformatics analysis on the genetic literature related to the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss from 1999 to 2020. Endnote X9 software and the WPS office software were used for bibliometric analysis, and online software STRING and Cytoscape software were used for bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 131 literatures were included in the study, involving 40 genes in total. Bibliometric analysis shows that 131 papers which included 36 Chinese articles and 95 English articles were published in 63 biomedical journals; the highest number of published articles was 19 in 2020. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that GAPDH、SOD2、SOD1、CAT、CASP3、IL6 and other genes play a key role in the interaction network. The involved pathways mainly include MAP2K and MAPK activations, PTEN regulation, P53-depardent G1 DNA damage response, signaoling by BRAF and RAF fusions and soon. Conclusion: The study of noise induced hearing loss involves multi gene biological information, and bioinformatics analysis is helpful to predict the occurrence and development of noise induced hearing loss.

Pedro Belou. Conferencia de 1936 sobre la hipoacusia laboral y el ruido urbano / Pedro Belou. Conference delivered in 1936 on occupational hearing loss and urban noise / Pedro Belou. Conferência de 1936 sobre perda auditiva ocupacional e ruído urbano

La problemática del ruido en las ciudades toma preponderancia internacional a finales del siglo XX, y pocas veces se comentan los esfuerzos pioneros realizados por especialistas que abogaron por un ambiente sonoro saludable. Éste es el caso de Pedro Belou, un médico otorrinolaringólogo nacido en Uruguay quien realizó toda su carrera profesional en Argentina, y que se destacó como científico de renombre mundial. A Belou podríamos ubicarlo como uno de los pioneros en el Río de la Plata en advertir acerca de las enfermedades que genera en las personas la exposición al ruido en las ciudades y en las industrias durante una conferencia que dio en Buenos Aires en 1936. En este artículo se rescatan los contenidos de su ponencia por la actualidad que tienen sus argumentos, y también para contribuir a su biografía, ya que esta conferencia no se menciona en ninguna de sus biografías.

Summary: City noise became a significant issue at the global level towards the end of the 20th Century, and discussions on pioneer efforts conducted by specialists who advocated for a healthy sound environment are rare. This is the case of Pedro Belou, a Uruguayan born otolaryngologist who developed his professional career in Argentina and was a renowned scientist worldwide. Belou could be regarded as one of the first physicians in the River Plate to warn us about diseases arising from noise exposure in cities and factories, during a conference he delivered in Buenos Aires in 1936. This article brings his presentation to you given the current relevance of his argument and to contribute to his biography, since this conference has not been mentioned in any of his previous biographies.

O problema do ruído nas cidades ganha preponderância internacional no final do século XX, porém raramente se discute o pioneirismo de especialistas que defendiam um ambiente sonoro saudável, como é o caso de Pedro Belou; otorrinolaringologista nascido no Uruguai, passou toda a sua carreira profissional na Argentina, destacando-se como um cientista de renome mundial. Poderíamos colocar Belou como um dos pioneiros no Río de la Plata em alertar, em uma conferência que deu em Buenos Aires em 1936, sobre as doenças que afetam as pessoas devido à exposição ao ruído nas cidades e nas indústrias. Neste artigo o conteúdo de sua apresentação é resgatado devido não somente pela atualidade de seus argumentos, como também para contribuir com sua biografia, já que esta conferência não é mencionada em nenhuma delas.

Impacto das ações do centro de referência em saúde do trabalhador nos dados de notificação compulsória de pair no Distrito Federal: um estudo qualitativo / The impact of the measures by the reference centers in worker's health on the compulsory notification nihl data in the Brazilian Federal District: a qualitative study / Impacto de las acciones del centro de referencia de salud del trabajador en los datos de notificación obligatoria de pair en el Distrito Federal: un estudio cualitativo

Introdução: A Perda Auditiva Induzida por Ruído (PAIR) é um agravo que acomete os trabalhadores expostos a ruídos e está entre os agravos que devem ser notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Objetivo: Analisar o impacto das ações desenvolvidas pelo Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST-DF) em relação às notificações de PAIR no Distrito Federal. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo com base na análise de dados secundários de notificações de PAIR do SINAN-DF, desde sua implementação; foram levantados relatórios dos CEREST-DF sobre as ações desenvolvidas; e análise de documentos dos CEREST procurando pelas ações que foram realizadas sobre PAIR e o impacto que causaram. Resultados: utilizando ações, como: projetos, palestras, busca-ativa, entre outros, o CEREST realiza a prática da educação em saúde, e, com o conhecimento fornecido ao público-alvo, é perceptível o aumento de notificações nos mesmos períodos de realização das ações com os trabalhadores e empregadores. Além disso, a contratação de fonoaudiólogo para a equipe do CEREST também eleva estes números, pois é o profissional envolvido na saúde auditiva de modo geral. Conclusão: A partir deste estudo foi possível observar que as ações do CEREST se refletem no número de notificações de PAIR no SINAN, reduzindo a subnotificação.

Introduction: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a hearing impairment that affects workers exposed to loud noises and is one of the conditions that must be reported to the Brazilian Disease Reporting Information System (SINAN). Objective: To analyze the impact of the measures developed by the Reference Centers in Workers' Health (CEREST-DF) in relation to NIHL notifications in the Brazilian Federal District. Methods: A longitudinal, retrospective study was carried out based on the analysis of secondary data of NIHL notifications from SINAN-DF. Since its implementation. CEREST-DF reports were collected on the measures developed and analysis of CEREST documents looking for measures that were carried out with NIHL and the effect they caused. Results: Utilizing educational measures such as projects, lectures, active search, among others CEREST carries out health education, and to target audiences, there was a noticeable increase in notifications in the same periods of these measures being carried out with employees and employers. In addition, a speech therapist was hired by the CEREST team what also helped to increase these numbers, since speech therapists are professionals involved in the health of hearing. Conclusion: This study made it possible to see that the measures carried out by CEREST are reflected in the number of NIHL notifications in SINAN which helped to reduce under-reporting.

Introducción: La Pérdida Auditiva Inducida por Ruido (PAIR) es un problema que afecta a los trabajadores expuestos al ruido y se encuentra entre los problemas que deben ser reportados en el Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN; Sistema de Información Sanitaria Notificable).Objetivo:Analizar si las acciones desarrolladas por el Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador do Distrito Federal (CEREST-DF; Centro de Referencia de Salud Ocupacional) reflejan en el número de notificaciones de PAIR en el DF. Métodos:Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo, basado en el análisis de datos secundarios de notificaciones de PAIR del SINAN-DF, desde su implementación; Se recopilaron informes de CEREST-DF sobre las acciones desarrolladas; y análisis de documentos de CEREST buscando las acciones que se tomaron sobre PAIR y el impacto que causaron. Resultados: Utilizando acciones como: proyectos, conferencias, búsqueda activa, entre otras, CEREST realiza la práctica de educación en salud, y, con el conocimiento proporcionado al público objetivo, se nota el incremento de notificaciones en los mismos períodos de acciones con trabajadores y empleadores. Además, la contratación de un (a) logopeda para el equipo de CEREST también eleva estos números, ya que éste (ésta) es el (la) profesional relacionado (a) con la salud auditiva en general. Conclusión: A partir de este estudio se pudo observar que las acciones de CEREST se reflejan en el número de notificaciones de PAIR en SINAN, reduciendo el subregistro.

Research progress of the regulation of cochlear sensitivity to noise by circadian rhythm / 生理学报

High level noise can damage cochlear hair cells, auditory nerve and synaptic connections between cochlear hair cells and auditory nerve, resulting in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Recent studies have shown that animal cochleae have circadian rhythm, which makes them different in sensitivity to noise throughout the day. Cochlear circadian rhythm has a certain relationship with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glucocorticoids, which affects the degree of hearing loss after exposure to noise. In this review, we summarize the research progress of the regulation of cochlear sensitivity to noise by circadian rhythm and prospect the future research direction.

Noise exposure and its impact on health in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To learn about the noise exposure and health status of workers and analyze factors that may affect the health outcomes of workers in an auto manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin City. Methods: In September 2020, occupational hygiene survey, noise exposure level detection and occupational health examination data collection were carried out in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise. Chi square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the health effects of noise exposure and hearing loss of 361 noise exposure workers. Results: The rates of over-standard noise exposure, hearing loss and hypertension were 69.39% (34/49) , 33.24% (120/361) and 11.36% (41/361) , respectively. There were upward trends on age and noise-working years for hearing loss and hypertension rates (χ(2)=-5.95, -6.16, -2.81, -2.74, P<0.05) . Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age>35 years old, noise exposure length of service >10 years and noise L(EX, 8 h)>85 dB (A) were risk factors for hearing loss (OR=3.57, 95%CI: 1.09, 11.75; OR=4.05, 95%CI: 1.97, 8.25; OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.00, 3.05; P=0.036, 0.001, 0.047) . Conclusion: This company has a high rate of job noise exceeding the standard, and noise-exposed workers have more serious hearing loss. Age, noise exposure and high noise exposure are risk factors for hearing loss.

Literature analysis of hot topics on occupational noise-induced hearing loss / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the literature of related research reports on occupational hearing loss (ONIHL) , study the characteristics of the subject and determine the research hotspots. Methods: In December 2020, PubMed database was searched by bibliometrics for ONIHL published in PubMed database from January 1971 to December 2020. Bicomb 2.03 software was used to extract the subject. The publication year, publication country, source magazine and subject words were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 1 473 papers were included in this study, and the number of papers was 66 from 1971 to 1980, and 628 from 2011 to 2020, an increase of nearly 10 times. The top three countries were the United States, China and Germany, with 31.5% (464/1473) , 11.5% (171/1473) and 6.2% (91/1473) ; The cross-sectional study was the most applied type; The top five words for 2011-2020: Mental Illness, polymorphism, cardiovascular disease, high frequency hearing impairment and standards and regulations. Conclusion: Susceptibility Genes, Psychological Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Assessment are hot areas in ONIHL at present. Researchers should focus on major fields and grasp future trends as a whole.

Preliminary observation on the differential expression of metformin in preventing noise-induced hearing loss in inner ear protein group of rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To study the protective effects of metformin on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and its differential protein omics expression profile. Methods: In January 2021, 39 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, noise exposure group and metformin+noise exposure group, with 13 rats in each group. Rats in the noise exposure group and metformin+noise exposure group were continuously exposed to octave noise with sound pressure level of 120 dB (A) and center frequency of 8 kHz for 4 h. Rats in the metformin+noise exposure group were treated with 200 mg/kg/d metformin 3 d before noise exposure for a total of 7 d. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to test the changes of hearing thresholds before noise exposure and 1, 4, 7 d after noise exposure in the right ear of rats in each group. Tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics was used to identify and analyze the differentially expressed protein in the inner ear of rats in each group, and it was verified by immunofluorescence staining with frozen sections. Results: The click-ABR thresholds of right ear in the noise exposure group and metformin+noise exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group 1, 4, 7 d after noise exposure (P<0.05) . The click-ABR threshold of right ear in the metformin+noise exposure group were significantly lower than that in the noise exposure group (P<0.05) . Compared with the noise exposure group, 1035 up-regulated proteins and 1145 down-regulated proteins were differentially expressed in the metformin+noise exposure group. GO enrichment analysis showed that the significantly differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in binding, molecular function regulation, signal transduction, and other functions. Enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway revealed that the pathways for significant enrichment of differentially expressed proteins included phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, focal adhesion, diabetic cardiomyopathy, mitogen, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that compared with the noise exposure group, the fluorescence intensity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in the metformin+noise exposure group was increased, and the fluorescence intensity of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (eIF4EBP1) was decreased. Conclusion: Noise exposure can lead to an increase in rat hearing threshold, and metformin can improve noise-induced hearing threshold abnormalities through multiple pathways and biological processes.

Association between occupational noise exposure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the association between occupational noise exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a large Chinese population. Methods: In December 2019, the study included 21412 retired participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort Study at baseline from September 2008 to June 2010, occupational noise exposure was evaluated through workplace noise level and/or the job titles. In a subsample of 8931 subjects, bilateral hearing loss was defined as a pure-tone mean of 25 dB or higher at 0.5, 1 , 2, and 4 kHz in both ears. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association of occupational noise exposure, bilateral hearing loss with 10-year CVD risk. Results: Compared with participants without occupational noise exposure, the 10-year CVD risk was significantly higher for noise exposure duration ≥20 years (OR=1.20, 95%CI:1.01-1.41 , P=0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. In the sex-specific analysis, the association was only statistically significant in males (OR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.18-4.66, P<0.001) , but not in females (OR=1.15, 95%CI:0.97-1.37, P=0.153). In the subsample analyses, bilateral hearing loss, which was an indicator for exposure to loud noise, was also associated with a higher risk of 10-year CVD (OR= 1.17, 95% CI:1.05-1.44, P <0.001) , especially for participants who were males (OR =1.24, 95% CI:1.07-2.30, P<0.001) , aged equal and over 60 years old (OR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.84-2.88, P<0.001) , and exposed to occupational noise (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.02-2.70, P=0.001). Conclusion: Occupational noise exposure may be a risk factor for CVD.

Perda auditiva induzida por ruído no Brasil: descrição de 14 anos de notificação / Noise-induced hearing loss in Brazil: a description of 14 years of notifications

RESUMO Objetivo descrever as notificações de perda auditiva induzida por ruído (PAIR) no Brasil, segundo aspectos sociodemográficos e laborais, no período de 2006 a 2019. Métodos estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com dados das fichas de notificação de PAIR no Brasil, oriundos do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação. Os dados foram acessados por meio da página do Centro Colaborador de Vigilância aos Agravos à Saúde do Trabalhador. Foram analisadas as frequências absolutas e relativas de variáveis sociodemográficas e de características do trabalho. Resultados no período, foram notificados 7.819 casos de PAIR no Brasil. O ano de 2016 e o estado de São Paulo registraram o maior número de notificações, com 1.106 e 2.488 casos, respectivamente. Em todo o período, houve maior proporção de casos em indivíduos com carteira assinada (55,0%), gênero masculino (88,2%), cor de pele branca (59,1%) e faixa etária de 50 a 59 (33,7%). O ruído contínuo foi predominante no ambiente de trabalho (41,1%) e 51,1% dos indivíduos faziam uso de medidas de proteção individual, enquanto para 12,6% a proteção foi coletiva. Conclusão foram notificados 7.819 casos de PAIR no Brasil no período analisado, número que pode ser considerado desproporcional, em relação à prevalência desse agravo. A subnotificação observada impacta a compreensão da magnitude do problema e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento e implementação de ações e programas de saúde pública, voltados para a saúde e segurança do trabalhador.

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the notifications of NIHL in Brazil, according to sociodemographic and labor aspects, in the period from 2006 to 2019. Methods Cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out with data from notification forms for noise-induced hearing loss in Brazil, from SINAN. The data were accessed through the page of the Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Workers' Health Disorders (ISC-UFBA). Absolute and relative frequencies of sociodemographic variables and work characteristics were analyzed. Results During the period, 7,819 cases of NIHL were reported in Brazil. The year 2016 and the state of São Paulo registered the highest number of notifications, with 1,106 and 2,488 cases, respectively. Throughout the period, there was a higher proportion of cases in: individuals with a formal contract (55.0%), male (88.2%), white (59.1%) and aged between 50 and 59 years (33.7%). Continuous noise was predominant in the work environment (41.1%) and 51.1% of the individuals used individual protection measures, while 12.6% were protected collectively. Conclusion A total of 7,819 cases of NIHL were reported in Brazil in the period analyzed, a number that can be considered disproportionate in relation to the prevalence of this condition. The observed underreporting impacts on the understanding of the magnitude of the problem, and, consequently, on the development and implementation of public health actions and programs, aimed at worker health and safety.

Facteurs prédictifs de la surdité professionnelle induite par le bruit chez les travailleurs des centrales électriques / Predictive factors of occupational noise-induced hearing loss in power plant workers

Analyser le lien entre la surdité professionnelle induite par le bruit et les caractéristiques socioprofessionnelles des travailleurs. Méthodes: C'était une étude prospective et analytique, par enquête avec évaluation audiométrique du 1er août au 30 septembre 2020, concernant 92 travailleurs des deux centrales de la Société Nationale d'Electricité de N'Djamena.Les tests de khi2et de corrélation de Pearson étaient utilisés à la recherche d'un lien entre la surdité due au bruit et les facteurs socioprofessionnels; une différence était dite statistiquement significative si p <0,05. Résultats: L'échantillon était constitué de 96% d'hommes. L'âge variait de 23 à 64 ans avec une moyenne de 38,7 ± 9,0 ans. Quarante-sept (51%) employés étaient formés sur la sécurité en milieu professionnel. Les agents de quarts représentaient 45% des cas (n=41). La durée d'exposition moyenne au bruit était de 10,8 ± 8,5 ans. Le port des équipements de protection individuelle était régulier dans 86% des cas (n =79). La surdité professionnelle a été observée dans 55% des cas (n=51). L'âge (p <10-3) et la durée d'exposition au bruit (p=0,002) étaient les facteurs associés significativement à la surdité. Conclusion: L'âge et l'ancienneté sont les facteurs prédictifs de la surdité chez les travailleurs exposés aux bruits des centrales électriques de N'Djamena.

Salud auditiva en víctimas afrocolombianas del conflicto armado, sobrevivientes de artefacto explosivo improvisado / Hearing health in Afro-Colombian victims of the armed conflict, survivors of improvised explosive device

Introducción: En el año 2002 un artefacto explosivo improvisado estalló sobre la población civil afrocolombiana refugiada en una iglesia y generó una masacre. Los sobrevivientes presentaron importantes afectaciones en la salud, sin un estudio completo hasta la fecha. Objetivo: Establecer el perfil de salud auditiva en la comunidad de sobrevivientes a la masacre de Bojayá, Chocó. Métodos: A partir de evaluaciones clínicas audiológicas con anamnesis, otoscopia, audiometría, logoaudiometría e impedanciometría en 61 personas supervivientes, se efectuó un estudio descriptivo incluyendo variables sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo, signos y síntomas auditivos, y diagnósticos audiológicos. Resultados: Un 72,13 por ciento de los participantes fueron mujeres. Además de la exposición al estallido de artefacto explosivo improvisado, que les afectó tanto en recinto cerrado (78,69 %), como en exteriores adyacentes (3,28 por ciento) o ubicaciones más distantes; los principales factores de riesgo auditivo encontrados fueron la infección de oído previa (26,87 por ciento). Un 70,49 por ciento sufría de tinnitus y 14,75 por ciento de vértigo. El 81,97 por ciento de sobrevivientes (n = 50) presentaron alteraciones en su audición, sin estudio previo. Un 81 por ciento de quienes se encontraron con algún grado de hipoacusia, reportaban el antecedente de exposición al estallido dentro del espacio cerrado de la iglesia. Conclusiones: El perfil de salud auditiva de la comunidad de sobrevivientes a la masacre de Bojayá, Chocó, se caracterizó por la presencia de dificultades auditivas, tinnitus, otalgia, vértigo, antecedentes de trauma acústico y perforaciones timpánicas. El principal diagnóstico encontrado fue hipoacusia conductiva bilateral(AU)

Introduction: In 2002 an improvised explosive device exploded over a church with Afro-Colombian civilians sheltering there, generating a massacre. The survivors presented important health problems without a complete study to date. Objective: To establish the hearing health profile in the community of survivors of the Bojayá Massacre, Chocó. Methods: Based on clinical audiological evaluations with anamnesis, otoscopy, audiometry, speech audiometry and impedance in 61 survivors, a descriptive study was carried out including sociodemographic variables, risk factors, auditory signs and symptoms, and audiological diagnoses. Results: 72.13 percent of the participants were women. In addition to exposure to the explosion of an improvised explosive device, which affected indoors (78.69 percent), and in adjacent outdoors (3.28 percent) or more distant locations, the main auditory risk factors found were previous infection of ears (26.87 percent). 70.49 percent suffered from tinnitus and 14.75 percent from vertigo. 81.97 percent of survivors (n=50) presented alterations in their hearing, without previous study. 81 percent of those who encountered some degree of hearing loss reported a history of exposure to the blast within the closed space of the church. Conclusions: The hearing health profile of the community of survivors of the Bojayá massacre, Chocó, was characterized by the presence of hearing difficulties, tinnitus, earache, vertigo, a history of acoustic trauma, and tympanic perforations. The main diagnosis found was bilateral conductive hearing loss(AU)

Study on the association between occupational noise exposure and cardiovascular diseases / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Occupational noise is one of the most common occupational hazards in the workplace. Long-term exposure to occupational noise could not only lead to the damage of the hearing system, but also may cause a certain impact on the cardiovascular system. Studies have shown that occupational noise exposure was positively associated with cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. However, the results of studies on occupational noise exposure and stroke are still controversial. This paper reviews the relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction by summarizing the epidemiological data of domestic and foreign population in recent years. Our study could provide evidence for the design and implementation of well-designed epidemiological and mechanism studies, and the recognition of the role of occupational noise exposure in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, so as to better protect workers' health.

Research progress on non-steady state noise-induced hearing loss / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Non-steady state noise has become the main type of workplace noise. Compared with steady state noise, non-steady state noise may cause more serious hearing loss. This paper reviews the new situation of occupational hearing loss caused by non-steady state noise exposure, the overview of international noise exposure assessment standards and new challenges, and the new evidence of non-steady state noise induced hearing loss, so as to provide the basis for the future research of non-steady state noise induced hearing loss.

Research progress of hidden hearing loss in occupational health surveillance / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

According to the research on the pathogenesis of the hidden hearing loss in recent years, the occurrence of the hidden hearing loss is earlier than the permanent hearing threshold shift. This paper reviews the risk factors of hidden hearing loss, the pathogenesis of noise-induced hidden hearing loss, and the detection methods of hidden hearing loss. To explore the significance of hidden hearing loss in occupational health surveillance, and to provide reference for hearing protection of workers exposed to noise and hearing loss early in the future.

Auditory effects of recreational and occupational noise exposure among dental students: a cross-sectional study / Efectos auditivos producto de la exposición a ruido recreacional y dental en estudiantes de odontología: un estudio transversal

ABSTRACT Purpose: to determine the auditory effects of noise exposure from recreational and occupational sources among dentistry students. Methods: forty-two dentistry students, routinely exposed to occupational noise, and 72 students from other health science schools were recruited (control group). Audiometric testing, otoacoustic emissions and questionnaires to assess recreational and occupational noise were applied to the sample. The presence of a notch was determined for each participant audiometry´s test based on the criteria proposed by Coles et al. Differences in notch prevalence were analyzed by applying univariate regression models as well as a multivariate model adjusted by covariates. Results: non-significant differences in auditory thresholds between groups were found. The controls exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of a notch at 4 kHz than the group exposed to noise. However, the differences were not statistically significant in the multivariate model adjusted by recreational noise exposure. Conclusions: the occupational noise exposure was not significantly associated to auditory system dysfunction. In addition, the differences in notch prevalence could be related to recreational noise exposure.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar los efectos auditivos producto de la exposición a ruido recreacional y ocupacional en estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: se reclutó a 42 estudiantes de odontología expuestos rutinariamente a ruido ocupacional, y a 72 estudiantes de otras carreras del área de la salud (grupo control). Se evaluó mediante audiometría, emisiones otoacústicas, junto con aplicar cuestionarios para determinar la exposición a ruido ocupacional y recreacional. A partir de los umbrales audiométricos e determinó la presencia de escotoma usando el criterio de Coles et al. Se analizaron las diferencias en prevalencia de escotomas entre los grupos mediante regresiones logísticas, ajustando por otras variables. Resultados: no existieron diferencias significativas en los umbrales audiométricos entre los grupos estudiados. El grupo control mostró mayor prevalencia de escotoma en 4 kHz al ajustar por sexo y edad, sin embargo, dejó de ser significativa al ajustar adicionalmente por exposición a ruido recreacional. Conclusiones: la exposición a ruido ocupacional no se asoció a alteraciones auditivas. Además, las diferencias en prevalencia de escotomas estarían relacionadas a exposición a ruido recreacional.

Analysis of the implementation of Hearing Conservation Programs / Análise de implantação de Programas de Conservação Auditiva

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the implementation of hearing conservation programs in two large companies. Methods: an evaluative research that analyzed a type 1b implementation. The study was conducted in three stages, namely: establishing the company's degree of implementation, analyzing the companies' policies and structures, and lastly, analyzing the influence of the companies' policies and structures on their degree of implementation. The following analyses were conducted to collect data: interviews, document analysis, and observation. Results: the hearing conservation program in Company A was classified as implemented (91.1%), while in Company B, it was partially implemented (62.7%). The context in Company A was favorable to implementing the program, whereas in Company B, the context was considered unfavorable, due to disadvantageous categories. Also, the characteristics of the implementation context influenced the placement of the program either positively or negatively. Conclusion: there were satisfactory results regarding the implementation of the hearing conservation program in both companies assessed.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a implantação do programa de conservação auditiva em duas empresas de grande porte. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa de análise de implantação do tipo 1b. O estudo foi conduzido em três etapas, sendo: determinação do grau de implantação do Programa de Conservação Auditiva das empresas avaliadas; análise dos contextos políticos e estruturais das empresas avaliadas; e, por fim, uma análise da influência dos contextos políticos e estruturais no grau de implantação nas empresas avaliadas. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises para coleta dos dados: entrevistas, análise documental e observacional. Resultados: o Programa de Conservação Auditiva na 'empresa A' foi classificado como 'implantado' (91,1%) e na 'empresa B' como 'parcialmente implantado' (62,7%). O contexto de implantação da 'empresa A' se apresentou favorável à implantação do programa. Já na 'empresa B' o contexto foi considerado desfavorável, tendo categorias não favoráveis. Foi possível relacionar, também, que as características do contexto de implantação influenciaram positiva ou negativamente na implantação do programa. Conclusão: houve resultados satisfatórios quanto à implantação do Programa de Conservação Auditiva em ambas as empresas avaliadas.